20 Best Winter Cologne For Men (2023 Updated)

A must have for men. Safe, Smooth, Confident. This fragrance was a blind buy in my fragrance awakening in 2020. I had received a cologne for Christmas in 2019 and didn’t love it. (it was jimmy choo man) Not that it was that bad, but I began to wonder what else was out there, and I started doing research.

I came across all of the big youtubers( Jeremy Fragrance, Gent Scents, etc. ) and a lot of them recommended this as a safe blind buy. When i received this one I was blown away. I wasn’t sure what I was smelling but i couldn’t stop wearing it.

Now that I have over 50 colognes, it’s still a frequent reach for me in the collection. Dolce Gabanna The One has notes of Grapefruit, Amber, Tobacco, Cedar, Cardamom, Ginger. This scent definitely leans more to a night time, dating scent.

When i was single, this one got me attention when going out, and I even had a girl grab me and pull me close for her to smell. Wearing this makes you feel cooler than you actually are. I learned that grapefruit (one of the main notes in this cologne) gives you confidence.

This fragrance could be worn on summer nights or in the winter, as it leans a bit more heavy. I would give this fragrance a solid 9/10 and recommend it to anyone looking to get a date night scent.

Reviews Dolce Gabbana the one I am obsessed with this perfume. The sad part about it, it does not have staying power. I feel yummy and sexy when I use this sadly it is only for a small amount of time.

What I do with it is using it when I am having a entanglement, I spray my sheets and pillow. It is unfortunate that it is a 80$ room spray basically so sad. I would describe this as sweet and sexy. Below are the fragrances details;8 Fragrance Family: Warm Spicy Scent Type: Warm and Sweet Gourmand Key Notes: Amber, Jasmine, Peach, Vanilla Fragrance Description: Sensuous and timeless, The One Eau de Parfum is the essence of the DOLCEGABBANA woman.

This floral fragrance combines contemporary fruit ingredients with the perfumer’s classic palette of white flowers. The scent opens with sparkling bergamot and mandarin blended with notes of lychee and peach.

Heart notes of Madonna lily express a voluptuous intensity and enveloping femininity followed by the seductive dry-down of vanilla, amber, and musk.

If you have the OG The One you dont need this too. This on my skin is not powdery, but rather crisp and more sharp, and stays sharp longer. It is more floral than fruity. The One is sweeter, more syrupy and it is very balsamic, this is why I started loving The One, it reminded me of how incense smells.

I imagine L’Eau to be more compatible with oily skin types, because such crisp, dry, sharp perfumes dont work on my dry skin. Its drydown is very much like The One, so it is as beautiful, but lighter.

Like I said overall it is less sweet, not as balsamic, slightly dusty ambery at first, but they have the same DNA. The tangerine makes it more citruys than The One, quite reminiscent of Fenty’s citrusy vibe (tangerine there too).

Im not a fan of its opening and first 20 mins, but It is equally addicting, esp its drydown which I might love more than The One’s I think, because it has that same DNA but in a more clear scent without anything heavy.

It is suitable for those who didnt like how syrupy and sweet The One is. Im on a gourmand craze so I crave sweet, deep, strong scents and The One totally delivers in that department. I live for vetiver, amber and I love anything benzoin, incense so you get the point.

The scent from the sprayer of both L’Eau and The One remind me strongly of Honey by Marc Jacobs which I used to have (mandarin, peach common notes).

Noir Extreme Parfum is a rich, long lasting fragrance. The first notes I smell when I spray it on are spicy notes (mainly ginger) and flowery notes (mainly rose). In a weird, but positive, way, the opening also has a sweet gasoline-like undertone to it that makes it smell luxurious.

Definitely a unique scent, unlike anything else in my fragrance collection that comprises of mostly blue and fougere fragrances (but I haven’t smelled the original version of Noir Extreme, so I can’t make a comparison to that).

This fragrance fades to a beautiful prominently leathery-amber scent that lasts for many hours. I can see this scent being a bit polarizing though, as it’s not something everyone is used to, so I’d recommend sampling it before buying a full bottle.

Since I got this fragrance, I’ve worn it a couple times a week. I see it as being more suitable for nighttime and upscale occasions. I personally prefer to wear bluer fragrances during the daytime and as my daily fragrances, but I see this working great as a daily for people who dress more upscale on a daily basis.

I’d categorize this scent as masculine, but also slightly unisex, as I can see it working for women in the right occasions, given the flowery top/mid notes. The bottle is an absolutely beautiful and work of art, hands down the nicest-looking bottle in my fragrance collection.

The bottle itself has a super shiny gold-colored finish and the ridged cap complements the bottle. The bottle perfectly matches the elegance of the scent in my opinion. The scent is very long lasting on my skin, lasts about 10-12 hours before it starts to fade completely, and I still get whiffs of it after showering before bed.

This scent is well composed but refined, and considering the price, I can’t say it’ll be “full-size bottle worthy” for everyone. I’d highly recommend sampling it at least once if the note breakdown seems like something you’re looking for.

I recieved this product as a free sample from Influenster and Tom Ford.

I’ll start by saying I’ve been a fan of Azzaro fragrances since before the original Wanted. The original had bite from that spicy ginger. The presentation is darker than the original in box and bottle to let you know it’s going to be more dense and heavier due to EDP vs EDT from the original or even the EDP of wanted by night.

This is a warm spicy fougere with red ginger up top, warm sweetness from the toffee accord and woody from the cardamom which adds a brightness to it. Both this and Givenchy Gentleman Prive remind me of an expensive whiskey or scotch.

Great for a date night sweet and seductive. It’s marketed for men, but I can honestly see this being in a wife or girlfriend who sneaks a few sprays rotation. The interesting thing is it smells different on each person that wears it due to the skin chemistry.

A girl and her boyfriend both got compliments separately and together wearing the same scent and no one could tell it was the same one. This is definitely a solid release to the line, best for the colder months.

I know the bottle is a bit tacky for fragrance purists, but it adds to that “live dangerously, bad boy” vibe but it works for the dark seductive leather jacket wearing smooth talker aka mista steal yo girl type of fragrance guy.

This very well may be the new One Million original that every girlfriend hates because it reminds them of their ex, orrrr it could be a great addition to add to a fragrance collector’s arsenal. I’m getting Caramel sweetness with a hint of booziness.

Definitely one to get your nose on it you liked the original or like the ones I’ve mentioned before. The bottle is the revolver top with the click on top. This is the sexy and seductive refined older brother who is in college of the original younger brother who is the guy you’re dating now in high school if I had to compare for the ladies lol Update on the dry down, you get a nice vanilla base note at the end when it turns into a skin scent.

A solid choice to stand strong in your arsenal with a seductive and daring blend of vibrant and masculine notes. It wraps you in a sheath of memories with its warm tones, takes you fully and without hesitation in an embrace you never want to end – or so begins my little love story with this fast friend.

A successful sequel to the previous – Wanted – a fragrance which on its own left a long and lingering allure with its crisp, curious scent. But from crisp to cautionary, from delight to daring, dark and dangerous, Most Wanted no doubt evokes a richer, bolder aroma that paints a picture of both seduction and the preluding danger in the dance of a faceless and animalistic dalliance with the unknown.

Just like the pulse pounding craving for adventure and delight in a most intense midnight tryst, this guy delivers on all levels. It’s indulgent, palatable and bittersweet to elevate the seduction itself to leave you with one thing – wanting more! This powerful blend will take you on a journey you never want to end.

The aromatic fragrance will last much longer than the fantasy it evokes. A perfect parfum for longer wear. Its sharp notes are the steel to stab the competition in a flirtful flaunt during your pitch in the afternoon business meeting while providing the luxurious and lingering profile to captivate and call out to this night’s prey with the setting of the sun.

I agree that this fragrance works as a nice balance for day or nighttime wear, but I believe it to be the darker tale that wins the prize and puts this parfum at the perfect place for an essential nighttime must-have.

It speaks volumes in every soulful sniff and is very hard to define in one role or another. It’s a complex fragrance that is bold in body, yet leaves all the rest open for interpretation in the hands of the man daring to wear it.

It’s exciting! It’s sexy. It’s smooth yet spicy. It’s everything that’s needed and a little extra to tease the senses. I am proud to say that this is now my Personal Favorite and it will be a very interesting and very bloody battle amongst the brands to produce something even more elevated than this, my new best friend.

It truly lives up to the name… THE MOST WANTED.

First of all… and this is REALLY IMPORTANT TO ME – I will never, ever review a cologne before I have used it for at least 1 month, preferably 2-3 months, because in my opinion, a cologne isn’t something that you can HONESTLY review after wearing it for just a couple of days.

A good cologne becomes an integral part of your wardrobe, your style, your whole visage; it should resemble and represent an important part of who you are, and more importantly, who you WANT to be! Smell is such an important part of how people perceive and interact with one another that the smell you choose to wear HAS to make a strong statement, otherwise it’s white noise.

THE MOST WANTED by AZZARO certainly makes a VERY good statement. I’ve been wearing this cologne everyday now for about 1 1/2 months and can honestly say, it has quickly become one of my absolute go to’s for pretty much every occasion.

It has this beautifully distinct smell that LITERALLY pulls people in closer to you as they try and get another quick whiff of whatever THAT is. I’ve had more compliments in the last six weeks from wearing AZZARO’s THE MOST WANTED than I’ve ever had from another cologne.

Sweet, a hint of an Earthy scent – ginger “incandescent woods accord” – but NOT too Earthy (don’t want people think you’re wearing incense 😂) – and a slight hint of vanilla. In my opinion, the combination of ginger and earth tone are the dominant scents and they seem to mix exceptionally well.

PLEASE, imagine that it’s a brisk, fall evening and the last beams of sunlight are skipping across a large field surrounded by a tree line. You walk into a GORGEOUS log cabin – everything is beautifully redone – very high-end, very well decorated, and the warmth of family, friends and happiness fill the main room.

A fire crackles in the fireplace as a cool breeze from an open window gently fans across the room – bringing that amazing smell of nature, ginger, and fall wood scape with it. you close your eyes and take a deep breathe.

Slowly exhaling. Then another. That smell – it’s just something you want to hold onto forever…. THAT SMELL… that amazing, sweet, aromatic and wonderful smell is so unique and euphoric. That is what I think of EVERY TIME I WEAR THIS COLOGNE… I hope that it does for you what it does for me – brings me to a place of comfort, care, and confidence to take on the world.

AZZARO’s “THE MOST WANTED. ”.

I am a lover of all things leather. I have loved the scent of leather since childhood and can tell you that there are literally well over 100 different types of leather scents. The word Cuir pronounced (Queer) is French for leather.

Leather notes can be made naturally using many different skin/hide extraction methods of many different animals and/or by accords constructed from various other notes including birch tar, styrax, castoreum, myrtle, cade, and a variety of other synthetic arochemicals (aromachemicals).

Initially, my immediate impression was not great. Because I had the same initial reaction to Cuir Ottoman, I gave this fragrance a few minutes to evolve and evolve it did. The 1st few minutes begins with a very hard and harsh scent that kind of smells like the plastic cap on a can of BUG spray.

It was so harsh that I was almost disappointed with this as a blind buy introduction to Thierry Mugler Mens Fragrances, I now own Angel and most of the Flankers with the exception of Pure Tonka and B Men.

Unfortunately and due to medical complications, I don’t always have the luxury to drive out to a department store and sample fragrances before I buy them. I rely heavily on lots of reading, researching and reviews.

to my pleasant surprise after the initial 2-3 minute offput something wonderful began to happen, it’s name is A*Men PURE Cuir aka PURE Leather. Everything comes on hard, fast & strong. Right from the very beginning there is a massive load of rough and tough, rugged and animalistic leather.

This lingers for about 8-10 minutes as it SLOWLY begins to merge and evolve with it’s AMEN DNA to further become a Unique, Sexy, Masculine and leather all over the place fragrance. This is a well constructed evolutionary adaptation of a savage (Cuir/Leather) fragrance.

It is not for the weak, insecure or timid. Ideally this should be worn with confidence as it exudes an animalistic vibe. I give this fragrance an OVERALL 8/10 On Sillage a 9/10 and on Projection on me about a 8/10.

Lasts well over 6 hours and is definitely NOT a skin scent. Also it continues to evolve with time and each evolution is projected when you least expect it. Just a side note, if you use this fragrance and engage in any activity that raises your body temperature, the projection is VERY VERY good and you will get lots of compliments even 8 hours after initial application with no resprays.

Since Pure Cuir was my introduction to Thierry Mugler, I am looking forward to sample ALL of the other A*Men Flankers. For me this juice will be on regular rotation and definitely makes it into my Top 10 alltime.

My only complaint would be the top portion (sprayer) of the rubber bottle. I love the look and feel of the rubber bottle but I think the top portion needs to be modified in order to have a perfected spraying system.

There is a video on youtube that shows how to cut along the rounded edge of the rubber at top to make spraying easier. I hope my review has been helpful.

It’s easy to mistake YSL’s Y for another entry in the “almost Aventus but not quite” category, with its bergamot and mint opening, the pineapple and violet leaves in the middle, and a creamy white musk at the base, but this is a far more technical fragrance than the endless Adventus clones.

The aldehydes in the opening give this a bright freshness, tempered with ginger, and the middle notes go green with sage and geranium, which gives it an unexpected depth. But the base is where the magic is, and that comes from a delicious, decadent combination of ambergris and incense.

It’s a morphing, complex drydown that goes from clean sunshine to the shadowy corners of a hidden temple. And they are sexy corners, indeed, rounded out with amber, balsam fir, and vetiver, keeping that clean feeling amidst the warm, sensual notes.

This isn’t a blind buy. Not everyone’s skin will play nicely with aldehydes or ambergris, which makes both ingredients bold choices for YSL. Definitely test this one repeatedly before committing. But if it works for you, it is a beast, with excellent staying power and enough throw to turn heads with the sillage.

On me, it’s sweet and the floral character of the geranium lingers until the warmth of the incense, amber, and ambergris take over, especially in warm weather. On my husband, it goes straight for ginger, incense, and vetiver, all whilst dancing with the bergamot and aldehydes.

It’s a good cologne on me. On him, it’s wickedly brilliant. That’s the beauty of Y: it’s an art of chemistry, and it becomes very much one’s own. It’s worth a try, and if it’s magic on you, worth the pricetag, too.

is a superstar that gets a lot of hype that is completely warranted. It opens with a sweet and inviting scent that comes from an almost candied apple and ginger combination. It projects very well without being too clawing or overbearing.

This pleasantly sweet opening stays throughout the life of the fragrance and comes off very clean and fresh smelling. Bergamot combined with juniper berries add another fruity layer to the fragrance giving the scent a bright and uplifting vibrance.

Towards the dry down and underneath the sweetness you get a warm tonka bean giving off a light vanilla undertone which blends well with the rest of the fragrance elements. It is an incredibly sexy scent and actually quite masculine despite it being sweet.

It smells like a clean and refined gentleman who is in touch with his playful side. My girlfriend loved the smell and could not stop complimenting me and smelling throughout the night. Definitely a great date night or evening out scent, wouldn’t recommend formally or during the day / at the office.

This is a sensual scent and it isnt afraid to make itself known. A must have for any man trying to make a good impression on the ladies, you cannot go wrong with this one, just make sure not to overspray.

This lasts long, well over 8 hours on my skin and I could still smell it on my jacket in the morning. For seasons this can work in all seasons but would probably shine the most in spring and summer because of its fruit and fresh vibrance.

Overall a great scent that is well blended, unique, long lasting, and sexy. Well earned 5 stars.

This cologne has a clean scent but also has depth. The scent is very fresh when first sprayed, and dries down to be a bit spicy and warm without being overpowering. I sprayed this cologne on my boyfriend, but also decided to test it on myself.

On me the geranium notes are more noticeable when it was first sprayed, while on my boyfriend the lavender came through stronger. On both of us it dried down to a scent that was equal parts amber and spice with hints of sage and a very slight woody note.

On my boyfriend, this dry down was a little bit more fresh while on me it smelled a bit darker. It took using this cologne a few times to be able to pick out the different notes, the scent notes blend together very cohesively.

This scent is reminiscent of the smell when you walk by the cologne counter in a department store – not in a bad way, but in a way that the scent smells higher end but familiar. I think this makes this cologne a “safer” choice to blind buy or buy as a gift if that’s what you’re looking for.

(Though I do suggest testing it first if possible, since the scent developed a bit differently on different body chemistry. ) While this fragrance leans more masculine, I think it can work well as a unisex scent if it has notes you enjoy.

Composition: Frank Sinatra – I’ve Got You Under My Skin Yes, it’s noir. But there is no gloom and pessimism here. This scent conveys completely different emotions. It immerses you in the warm atmosphere of the evening.

Associations arise with the atmosphere of a good restaurant, the romance of swing, the velvety voice of a vocalist, and the soft sound of a live orchestra. I just took it from the post office, just one zilch there, mmmmm noir convinced me, about 4 times I really decided on it, the price is not cheap, an excellent smell for a man, a real correct expensive perfume that, like a classic, deserves an honorable 2nd place on my shelf!.

Outstanding fragrance and I am only very surprised that it did not became more popular or overhyped. It is oerfect balance of citrusy bergamot notes at the begining, in the head. More and more amazing woody masculinity is coming to the front but there is also amazing sweet note of the musk and amber.

Crispy and seductive parfume in stunning flacone, I do not know how Tom Ford came with this package design but I can not get enough.

Thank you for a speedy delivery and great service on your website. I bought this for my Husband for Christmas so I do not know what is thought of it. But I do know that when Debenhams was still trading, I went into one of their stores and I smelt every one of the Tom Ford fragrances for men and women and they were all very, very, very nice indeed.

I am certain he is going to like it. It will be a lovely Christmas present for him and one that he is not expecting.

I was so excited to receive this, and I was not disappointed at all when I first wore it. I will first start by saying that the scent of this isn’t super unique. It definitely smells familiar, and does remind me a bit of the original Uomo Born In Roma from Valentino, but leans more on the sweeter side (which I believe is the point.

) When I first spray it on, the scent starts very fruity, fresh and clean. It is such a familiar smell, but I genuinely cannot put my finger on what it reminds me of. It’s nostalgic for me though, and it makes me feel very happy.

As it settles on my skin and wears down, it definitely warms up more. The sweetness stays, but lightens up, warms down and is very pleasant. It isn’t overbearing in my opinion, and I have actually gotten complimented when I have worn it, so I know it’s something that stands out to others as well.

I love that the dry down has tobacco and patchouli, as patchouli is one of my favorite notes in a fragrance. It makes the end of the day feel cozy and comforting when I am winding down and getting ready for bed.

The scent lasts me throughout an entire work day, and longer if I spray it on my jacket, so I am pleasantly surprised with the longevity of the fragrance. My favorite part of the cologne has to be the bottle.

I saw someone complain about the coral font and black to coral gradient being “too feminine. ” That’s obviously a personal issue. I think the bottle is beautiful. It embodies the perfect amount of edginess and softness, which is something that I think compliments me and my style perfectly, and is the whole point of the fragrance itself.

I highly recommend this scent, and I will gladly continue to use it!.

Glad I only received a sample of this because I was really disappointed. I can see anyone from a wall street finance bro to someone in middle america that works at a gas station and drives a truck wearing this.

I don’t think it’s worth the high price tag at all because it smells cheap to me. Also I can’t believe that anyone would describe this as a “panty dropper fragrance” as this is more likely to make someone want to buy a chastity belt and then immediately tighten it.

I get a lot of black pepper, fruity notes, but mostly it’s just bad. Not to the point of being offensive but ALMOST. It smells like something your creepy uncle with a gross moustache would wear. This is the fragrance of a self-proclaimed “alpha male” that makes everyone roll their eyes when he makes these proclamations.

Would not recommend. It smells very generic and the unique aspects of this fragrance are actually cons.

Wow this is as mass appealing and as safe a fragrance can be, it is not as copied as the Bleu de Chanel’s and the Dior sauvages of the world. What you get is heavy dose of mint Tonka Bean orange and woods.

It is what we in the community like to call a dumb reach; for those days when you cannot think of what to wear because you either can’t decide or are feeling uninspired, this is one that you can go ahead and just throw on and it could fit almost any occasion.

If you’re going to work just ease up on the sprays if you’re going to a wedding extra; it works well in the summertime when it is super hot due to the mint and the citrus; it is heavy enough for the winter thanks to the tonka bean and the woods.

For a designer fragrance that’s not part of the private line this fragrance has excellent longevity as I get an easy 9 hours on my skin, with projection being about a little more than arm’s length for the first 3 hours until it settles down to half arms length for another couple of hours and then it becomes a skin scent around the seven hour mark.

While far from my most complex fragrance in my collection this is one that I think any person should have in their collection. I mean even though this is a decidedly masculine release, women can pull this off whether you are a traditional feminine presenting female or a masculine presenting female.

has been around since 2004 or so. As for this perfume version, want to say several years. As many know I love Chanel Bleu, and have to admit this is another classic release. is delicious citrus, marine, vanilla, powder, that’s super for delivering outstanding projection.

Primarily a spring/summer cologne, this one will give you a foot or so from your skin, with a aquatic tail that shall make the ladies intrigued. That’s been my experience, and it works for the office, dates, or casual wear too.

Use the Bleu for more dressy events, but in a pinch this will be fine too. A vigorous citrusy experience, that screams of quality. I like the red “Chanel “ top. You’ll enjoy the powerful atomizer, but sadly this one isn’t magnetic.

That’s fine as this is one of the best, and one that should be in your collection.

Am I the only person on earth who likes this more than Eau Extreme?! This is a case of “Don’t fix what is not broken”. I find this excellent if not perfect. The price tag is a bit high, some people recommend that the Versace Pour Homme is a better alternative considering the price.

I agree to some extent, but I believe that Versace is a bit lighter and has a sportier vibe than this one. Maybe in the 2000s, Allure was considered a fresh sport fragrance, but by today’s standard, think this is a bit sweet for that matter.

Maybe a little heavy for the very hot and humid days under direct sunlight, but other than that I think you can wear this anytime, anywhere, even in a more formal situation with ease. I love this well-balanced fragrance and I’d rather wear this over any “Bleu” fragrance out there these days.

My husband is all about his bath scents and he recently discovered Cremo. One of his favourites is the and when he saw the price for the matching cologne ($27 for 100 ml on Amazon Canada), he thought he’d give it a go.

We both really like the scent and agree it’s unisex. It’s not a super unique scent, but I wouldn’t expect that at this price point. Longevity is an issue, it’s mostly gone in several hours although it does last longer at pulse points.

Again, I’m not really going to count this against it because price point. If this was a $120 fragrance, these would be big issues. Hubs doesn’t feel dressed without spritzing on some cologne, and I’d rather he use this for a trip to the grocery store than his fancy stuff.

What does it smell like? My guess: glistening fresh water, moss, and deciduous forest in spring. Actual notes: woody, aquatic, leather, smoky, mossy, fresh, earthy. According to label: forest moss, lavender, white birch.

I finally ended up pulling the trigger on this fragrance after seeing all the positive reviews online. My first impression was that the fragrance was far too spicy. I was thinking the overall scent would be much smoother.

The cardamom was very dry smelling and the vanilla was not prominent enough to balance the spiciness. It reminded me of Christmas potpourri and I had to return it. As I returned it, I noticed that the notes listed on that box did not match the notes mentioned in fragnatica or other videos reviewing the product.

The “Spice and Black Vanilla” box I purchased listed “Cardamom, Dark Woods, Black Vanilla” as the main notes. A couple of weeks later I saw another “Spice and Black Vanilla” box that listed “Kashmiri Cardamom, Cashmere Woods, Bourbon Vanilla” as the main notes.

I purchased this box to see if it would smell any different and to my hopeful surprise it did! This smelled much smoother and well balanced than the previous bottle. It is an excellent cold weather fragrance with excellent projection and good longevity.

The fragrance does come across as a slightly lighter and sweeter take on “SpiceBomb Extreme”. I am not sure if Cremo sells different formulations of “Spice and Black Vanilla”, but if it the box lists the notes I mentioned, I would highly recommend picking up a bottle, especially at the price point! *This is the third fragrance I have purchased from Cremo.

I also own “Iced Citron and Driftwood” and “Sandalwood and Suede”. I highly recommend them both!.

I picked up a bottle of this at Target a couple of days ago, and it’s quickly become one of my favorite fragrances in my collection. Everyone who says this is a dupe of Santal 33 is wrong – it’s much better! Palo Santo is warm, woody, and comforting, and it doesn’t have that weird pickle smell that Santal 33 has.

Plus, the longevity and sillage are amazing. Although this fragrance is marketed towards men, I think it’s very unisex. I’m a girl and it smells great on me. Overall, this is a beautiful, unisex fragrance that’s perfect for every occasion, and I’ll definitely be picking up another bottle.

For the price, this fragrance is pretty much perfect. (Bonus Tip: I recommend layering this with the Palo Santo body wash for a fuller and more long-lasting smell).